How to Use a Fire Extinguisher — Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

Fire extinguishers are essential first-response tools that can save lives and property during a fire emergency. However, knowing how to use one correctly is just as important as having it nearby. This article will guide you step-by-step on how to use a fire extinguisher safely and effectively using the PASS method.

Safety note: Only attempt to extinguish small, contained fires. If the fire is spreading rapidly or you are unsure, evacuate immediately and call emergency services.

Understanding the Fire Extinguisher

A portable fire extinguisher is a sturdy metal cylinder filled with an extinguishing agent (such as water, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂) and a small cylinder of compressed gas. When you squeeze the lever, the gas forces the agent through a siphon tube and out of the nozzle with pressure, similar to an aerosol spray.

Main parts include:

Safety pin: Prevents accidental discharge.
Handle and lever: Used to operate the extinguisher.
Pressure gauge: Indicates if the extinguisher is charged and ready for use.
Nozzle or hose: Directs the extinguishing agent.
Label: Shows the fire class the extinguisher can handle.

The PASS Method Explained

The simplest and most effective way to remember how to use a fire extinguisher is through the PASS technique:

1. Pull the Pin

Hold the extinguisher upright and pull the safety pin to break the tamper seal.

2. Aim at the Base of the Fire

Point the nozzle or hose toward the base of the fire — not the flames. Standing about 1.5 to 3 meters away ensures safety and good control.

3. Squeeze the Handle

Firmly squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Keep steady pressure while controlling the direction.

4. Sweep Side to Side

Use a sweeping motion from side to side across the base of the fire. Move slowly closer as the flames die out.

After the Fire

Once the fire appears out, watch the area carefully for re-ignition. Do not leave immediately. If the extinguisher runs out and the fire continues, retreat and call the fire department.

After use:

Report the extinguisher’s use to your safety officer or supplier.
Arrange for it to be recharged or replaced immediately.

Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher

Assess potential hazards:

Identify the most likely type of fire in your specific environment (e.g., a kitchen needs a Class K/F extinguisher, an office needs protection for ordinary combustibles and electrical equipment).

Choose multi-purpose for home/office:

A multi-purpose ABC dry chemical extinguisher is generally recommended for home use as it can handle the most common fire types.

Consider location and accessibility:

Extinguishers should be easy to access, clearly visible, and located near potential fire sources and escape routes.

Ensure user capability:

Choose a size and weight that the user can handle comfortably and effectively.

Read the label:

Extinguishers are clearly labeled with the classes of fire they are rated for, often using pictograms.

Maintenance:

Regularly check the pressure gauge and arrange for professional servicing at least once a year to ensure it is in working order.

Quick Safety Checklist

✅ Ensure the fire is small and manageable.
✅ Confirm you have a safe exit route.
✅ Check the pressure gauge is in the green zone.
✅ Use the PASS method: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
✅ If in doubt, evacuate immediately and call emergency services.

Final Thoughts

Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is a fundamental skill everyone should learn. Regularly check extinguishers in your home, office, and workplace to ensure they are in good working condition. A few seconds of preparedness can make a life-saving difference.

Boltek Enterprise provides high-quality fire extinguishers, safety equipment, and professional fire safety training across Nepal. Learn more at www.boltekenterprise.com.np.

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